State Efforts to Track and Follow Up on Welfare Recipients

Prepared by the American Public Human Services Association,
the National Governors’ Association,
and the National Conference of State Legislatures


StateRequested by Status of studyCasesInformation soughtSampleMethodsEmployment recordsHome visitsSurvey typeOther administrative data
Alabamaagency PlanningApplicants denied assistance and former recipients recidivism activity, employment status, income sources, whether and how basic needs are being metSample longitudinaladministrative data, wage match, surveyyes  mailfood stamps, Medicaid, child support, child welfare
Arkansasinterest from legislature, Governor, and agencyunderway—10/97 (ongoing)closed cases, excluding those closed due to earnings, left state, or no children under 18whether basic needs are being met—health, shelter, clothing, food, protective services, and other social servicesuniversalhome visits, maybe some surveys  yesphone 
Coloradoagencyongoing—1998–2002 (proposed legislation)closed cases due to employmentjob placement, retention, recidivism, long-term self-sufficiency, other social services  to be determined       
Delawarewaiver evaluationongoing since 10/96 at 5 sites, planning for statewiderecipients and former recipientsemployer/wage informationsamplemail survey and employment recordsUnemployment Insurance (UI)  mail 
GeorgiaagencyPlanningclosed cases  universalUI data matchUI   
GeorgiaagencyPlanningclosed cases  samplepersonal interviews   personal 
Guam  Completed—spring 1997terminated nonqualified legal aliensimpact of welfare reform alien provisionsnot specifiedface-to-face and phone interviews    
Idahoagencycompleted—7/97–1/98  caseload, demographics, wages, employment, department and community support services, movement toward self-reliance, self-esteem, open-ended comments  mail surveys, phone surveys, in-person interviews   mail, phone, and in-person interviews 
Illinoislegislature and upper managementplanningdenied applicants and closed cases, clients with a 2-year time limitpaths after leaving welfare, patterns of return, participation in other public systems sample longitudinalpart of a large-scale, longitudinal evaluation and study of welfare reform in the stateUI and new hirelimitedphone, mail, home visitsdata warehouse of WIC, immunizations, mental health, alcohol and drug treatment, etc.
Indianawaiver evaluationongoing through 2002, first report 9/97sample of control group and pilot group—compares closed cases and existing casesimpact: income, well-being, immunizations, other services (soup kitchens, Medicaid, housing)  UI data, phone surveys with in-person follow-up, admin databases (child welfare, child support, Medicaid), new hire, mail surveyUI and new hire  mail, phone and in-person followupTANF, food stamps, child welfare, child support, and Medicaid
Iowaagencyunderway—9/30/97–9/30/00employed cases receiving post-employment servicesclient experiences with services, employment patterns, job advancement, barriers to advancementsample (250)site visits, client survey, interviews, admin data—control groups by countiesYes  phone and in-personpost-employment service data
Iowaagencyunderway—covers 9/97–3/99cases sanctioned twice (repeat assignments to Limited Benefit Plan)reasons for sanction, financial and family circumstances, knowledge of program requirements sample (250) telephone survey, in-depth case study interviews with 12 families, admin data   phone and in-personDepartment of Human Services (DHS) data
Iowaagencyunderway—first report 5/97, continues through 7/99participants in Limited Benefit Plan and terminated caseswhy entered sanction plan, benefits received, changes in financial and employment status, coping strategiesuniversal and sample (survey of terminated)admin data, telephone survey, in-depth case study interviews  yes, for in-depth case study interviewsin-person and phoneDHS data
Iowaagencycompleted 9/97–2/98sanctioned cases receiving well-being visitscompletion rate of well-being visits, effectiveness of visits and staff training, appropriateness of data collection tool, effectiveness of safety netuniversalwell-being data report, telephone interviews, focus groups with well-being visitors (13 counties and 3 sites)  yesphone interviews by state staff 
Kansasagencyplanningclosed and temporarily closed (sanctioned) caseshow families that leave involuntarily support themselvessamplehome visits for those that return to welfare; mail and telephone to cases that remain off assistanceMaybeyesphone and mailfoster care (maybe)
Kentuckyagencylongitudinal study—starting in 1998 for 5 yearswelfare casesreasons for leaving, employment status and earnings, financial impact, quality of life, and child outcomes sample (500 to start, add 200 per year)in person interviews each year for up to five years—paymentYesyesface-to-facedata from several systems
Kentucky  completed 12/97closed casesreasons for leaving, employment status, earnings, transportation, access to health and child care, quality of life sample (560)phone survey    phone 
Marylandagency and legislatureongoing—longitudinal first report 9/97, second report 3/98closed casesemployment experiences, recidivism, child welfare, other programs (child support, food stamps, child care)5 percent sample of exiting cases each monthdata matching—UI and admin, planning phone interviews for information on how families make ends meet, what enabled family to leave welfare, etc. UI, wage records, and new hire  phone interviews beginning spring 1998child welfare, child support, welfare, developing a data warehouse
Massachusetts  planningrecipients and former recipientswork, wages, state program use  state agencies' data matchesUI    social services, welfare, etc.
Massachusetts  underway—first report due 12/98cases closed from 1/97–6/97followup for one year—work status, income, food needs, impacts on childrensamplephone interviews every 3 months, pay $25 per interview, face-to-face where required   primarily phone, some mail 
Massachusetts  completed 2/98cases closed for ambiguous reasons—client request, failure to redetermineReasons for case closure and current circumstancesuniversaladmin records, phone call or home visits when needed    phoneyes
Missourigovernor and agencyongoing—report 2/98closed cases (welfare and job training)employment, retention, higher earnings, above povertyuniversaladmin recordsUI     
Nevadaagencybegins 6/98sample of clients on monthly basisrecidivism, longitudinal employment data, impact on support services for long-term job retention, cost effectivenesssamplewelfare and employment security dataEmployment security   TANF
New Hampshireagencyongoing—began spring 1998 and will continue for 5 yearsdiverted cases, exiting cases, recipientsprogram impacts on welfare participation, exit and entry rates, self-sufficiency, employment, earnings  mail surveys, phone surveys, focus groups, in-person interviews, UI, new hire, admin dataUI and new hire  mail, phone, and surveys distributed at agency appoint-mentschild care, food stamps, Medicaid, other support services
New MexicoGovernor, legislature, and agencyfirst report completed 9/97, second report due 7/98closed casesemployment and earningsuniversalmail survey, UI data match underwayUI  mail 
New Yorklegislatureplanningwelfare cases and former recipientsemployment and earnings, other program use, child support, births and family formation, child welfare  admin data matchingUI and new hire  maybeMedicaid, food stamps, state safety net program, child support, and other social services
North Carolinaagencyongoing, preliminary report due shortlycohort analysis of closed cases (with and without wages)employment status, other services (food stamps, Medicaid, child care), contact with child welfare systemuniversaladmin data, surveys, phone callsUI and new hire (forthcoming), trying to get more current wage datanophone and writtenTANF, food stamps
Oklahoma  completed 3/97cases closed due to earnings not using state-subsidized child carewhat child care arrangements are being used  mail and phone survey—low response rate—not statistically representative    mail and phone 
Oklahoma  planning current and closed TANF cases, recipients of subsidized child carechildren's well-being, job and earningssamplelongitudinal—phone, mail, and face-to-face interviews, admin data, UI and new hireyesnomail, phone, and face-to-faceyes
Oklahoma  underway—completion date 5/98closed casesother assistance, job training/employment and earnings data, housing-utilities, transportation indicators, family violence and alcohol problems  phone—incentive payment   phone 
Oregonagencyongoingcases closed due to employmentrecidivism, wages, retention, increase in earnings  admin data, UI, home visits, UIyes  TANF files
Pennsylvaniaagencyunderwayclosed casescase characteristics at closing, employment and other experiencessample file check and phone interviewmaybe  phoneTANF files
Puerto Rico  planningclosed casesreason for closure, services the family is receiving, well-being of the familyuniversalinitial contact by mail, then phone or in-person interview    phone or in-person 
Rhode Island  plannedwelfare casesnot specifiedsamplelongitudinal (5 years)       
Rhode Island  underwayemployed casesemployment data—retentionuniversalemployment data matchyes   no, will be added
South Carolinaagencyongoing—quarterly cohorts, 2 completed cohorts (10–12/96 and 1–3/97), in process (4–6/97)closed casesemployment, child care, transportation, household deprivation, housingsamplephone survey with visit if necessary will be adding wage recordswhen client cannot be reached by phonephone 
South Carolinaagencyongoing—for each cohortclosed caseschild abuse reportssamplematch of closed cases with child abuse registry    child abuse registry
Tennesseewaiver evaluationongoing—initial report 8/97closed cases due to sanc-tions, not signing Personal Responsibility Planemployment, well-being, housing, deprivationuniversalphone surveys    phone 
Tennesseewaiver evaluationongoing—initial report 8/97employed recipients or cases closed due to employmentemployment status, earnings, promotions, transportation, reasons for job loss  phone survey   phone 
Tennessee  ongoingcases terminated due to sanctions, time limits family well-being, how housing and utility needs are being metuniversalhome visits by health professional from state Dept. of Health  yes   
Texaswaiver evaluation and interest by legislaturedata collection beginning mid-98cases involuntarily terminatedwage patterns, child support, school attendance, immunization, how is family supporting itselfuniversal and sample (interviews)UI data match, new hire registry, child support registry, school records, immunization, face-to-face interviewsUI and new hire data match  face-to-facechild support, school attendance, immunization
TexasDHS Commissionerinterviews begin in 6/98diverted and closed cases that stay off TANF for 6 months and families re- ceiving one-time payments determine how former clients and those diverted are supporting familiessamplephone and face-to-face interviews    phone and face-to-face 
Vermont  ad hoc, planning systematic processformer recipients and applicantswelfare use, employment, participation in other social service programs (including child care and child support)universalUI and other administrative dataUI    records from AFDC/TANF, food stamps, Medicaid, GA, child care, and child support
VermontHHS, Governor, legislatureunderway—followup through 2002all applicants and recipients 7/94–7/97  universal       
Virginiaagencypreliminary study completed, underway 2/98–6/99, first report—winter 1998, ongoingstatewide cases that meet their 24-month time limitpost-TANF status of closed cases (at 6 and 18 months), reasons for reaching time limitsample (250—first cohort, 1998), (1,000—second cohort, 1999)surveyUI and admin datano, unless necessary to ensure high survey completion ratephone, with in-person followup if necessarychild care, child support, person and case actions and sanctions, Virginia Employment Commission, AFDC/TANF, food stamps, Medicaid
VirginiaHealth and Human Resources SecretarycompletedAFDC closed cases in first regions to implement state's work componentearly feedback on why cases closedsample (115)phone surveyN/AnophoneN/A
Washingtonstatutory requirementcompleted2,000 dependent and at-risk households 1988-1992circumstances left assistance, reason for returning, earnings increases, economic, education, and health statussampleannual one-hour interviews    phone 
WashingtonWorkFirst Subcabinetunderwayrecipients and former recipientsemployment, wage progression, recidivism, causes of employment change, participation in training, child care use sampleUI data match and cross-matches with other data bases UI    WorkFirst related data bases, school attendance
Wisconsin  ongoing  wage rate, total earnings, employment, employer, use of other services, well-being, family composition, child supportnot specifiedmail and phone surveys, UI and new hire data, admin data from child support, child welfare, and schoolsUI and new hire  mail and phonechild support, child welfare, schools
Wyoming  planningclosed casescurrent status of families—work, other assistance, attending schoolnot specifiedphone survey    phone 

Note: This matrix will be updated periodically as new information becomes available.

 


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