Liquids 101 described why we use liquids, Liquids 201 showed us how to use them, Liquids 301 detailed the benefits of using them. In Advanced Liquids we will examine the new ways in which liquids are being used in winter operations today, that are allowing agencies to achieve even more with them than traditional liquid usage. These methods include blending liquids, where small amounts (typically in the 5-10% range by volume) of enhancing liquids are added to a base salt brine. These blends include carbohydrates and other chlorides, to enhance persistence on the road and low temperature performance. We will detail the limitations of these blends and also their benefits, in particular their cost benefits, by examining both results from the laboratory and from field work. We will also discuss the growing trend of using liquid only routes, where under certain circumstances agencies have had great success using liquids not only before the storm but also all through the storm (instead of using pre-wet solid materials during the storm). Third we will discuss techniques where liquids can be used in conjunction with solids to handle difficult accumulations of snow and ice – an approach sometimes known as “shake and bake.” This is all backed up not only by research but also by field experience, and we will share both aspects with you fully.
Contributor/Source
Marc Valenti;Laura Fay
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Proficiency Levels
Introductory
Focuses on a general or broad overview of the topic, awareness of basic factual recall. Limited experience of the subject matter is necessary to understand content areas.
Applied
Focuses on practical implementation of technical steps or strategies, some prior knowledge and experience of the topic is necessary.
Advanced
Mastery of basic concepts associated with an area has been obtained. Focuses on understanding nuances, advanced concepts, and intricacies with implementation within knowledge area. Strong understanding of how the concept impacts other factors or areas of operations.
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APWA Guides provide guidance to public works professionals on a specific a topic.
CLL
Click, Listen & Learn (CLL) are interactive educational webinars. Each program is led by top experts in the field who share new ideas, methods, and technologies in a fast-paced two-hour time frame. These programs are available free to APWA members. CLL programs are eligible for continuing education units (CEUs).
Primer
Primers are used to educate policymakers about public works roles and responsibilities in public rights of way, the impact of federal workforce development policies on the industry and workforce, and the importance of resilient infrastructure.
PWX
PWX session recordings cover a wide variety of topics, including integrating modes of transportation, traffic and transit, construction management, emergency management, engineering and technology, fleet and facilities, management, parks and grounds, snow and ice control, and stormwater/flood control, as well as solid waste, roads and bridges and water/wastewater. PWX sessions are eligible for continuing education units (CEUs).
Reporter Articles
APWA Reporter articles are written by public works practitioners on subjects such as solid waste management, water resources, municipal engineering, transportation, equipment services, buildings and grounds, snow removal, and other public works-related topics.
Snow
The Snow Conference session recordings feature public works professionals sharing the latest best practices in managing winter/snow operations more successfully, taking advantage of emerging technologies, understanding and preparing for the challenges ahead, and providing better service to their communities. Snow sessions are eligible for continuing education units (CEUs).
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A tech box is a PDF take-away that provides information in lists, steps, or defined areas specifically focused on trending technologies.
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Toolboxes are curated guides offering valuable tips on a variety of public works-related topics.